We provide products with an ash value of not more than 5%. It is the residue remaining after incineration of the drug or plant part. Ash value represents the number of inorganic salts naturally occurring in the ingredient and adhering to it. It also includes inorganic matter, which helps to identify adulteration. Ash value greater than 5% is an indicator of the addition of inorganic metal salts in the product.

   No, they are not exactly the same. Loss on drying is determined by heating the sample below its melting point in an oven and it includes all volatile matter including water content and solvents while water content is determined by the Karl Fischer titration method, and it consists of only water i.e. moisture content.